Speech Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Speech Class - Essay Example We got a really a good package and it includes: Car, ticket and the hotel. In this day , we did not sleep we were staying all the day until the day after and at 8 we were on the Denver airport. we went to the rental car office and we gave him the conifrmation number for us and my friend for his licence to get a copy of it. When he just took it and went thru the copy machine he just came back and said: sorry we can not give you the car because you are under 21 and I was under 21 too...!!! The problem is we were planning to go and visit many places, I was sleepy a littile , but when I heard that I got dissapinted ( lol ) and my friend too , and then we told him we already rented an online so we already have a conifrmation number and we tried with him like for half an hour and then he said ok but you will be charging more double more .. The car which we already chose it in the site was : Musting Shelby GT 500 comfortable 2008, but he said because you are under 21 it should be much much much expesive arround 2600$. Then we rented the regular Musting which was much lesser than the Shelby GT. Then , we were looking to the restaurant we were hungury and we didnt eat anything for 4 hours in the plane because we were sleeping, we found a nice little Mexican restaurant right on the beach. Two guys were playing live music with an acoustic guitar. It was a pretty pleasant experience, except for the fact that we were exhausted after flying for over four hours. We bought passes to the Disney World complex that gave us a lot of freedom. The passes that we bought was a regular one but then we discovered that they have two kinds of passes for the 4 parks: the express one and the regular one. For the express pass you dont have to wait on the line unless too many people have the same pass card as you have. But after two or three days, everything started to look the same. That’s when I began to notice how some of the people acted

Transportation And Communication In Pakistan Economics Essay

Transportation And Communication In Pakistan Economics Essay In Pakistan there are 96 roads of inland freight and 92 of passenger traffic and undoubtedly the backbone of Pakistans economy. Current road network of Pakistan is about 2,60,000 km which caters services to 11 million vehicles of all type and also NHA roads network is around 12,000 km, which is merely 4% of the overall road network but takes 80% of Pakistans commercial traffic. In Pakistan NHA has completed 12 projects of flyovers, bridges, interchanges and road up gradation during the last one year at a cost of Rs. 19.6 billion. At present, 46 development projects having length of 2,985 km are ongoing at a cost Rs. 245 billion in different sections/packages. All the 46 development projects include construction of roads, river Bridger, tunnels, flyovers, interchanges. In Pakistan during the current financial year, NHA has launched/awarded 16 new development projects covering a length of above 500 km inclusive construction of a number of bridges, flyovers and interchanges costing Rs. 70,951 million. NHA is simultaneously constructing 12 Bridges across the rivers. These are; on rivers Chenab 4, on rivers Sutlej 2, on river swan 1 and 5 on river Indus. Heavy rains and floods severely damaged the transport and communication system during last 2 years and preliminary estimates indicate that road approximately 8,385 km and 190 km railway lines were damaged including bridges and allied structures. In Pakistan Telecommunication infrastructure includes damages to cellular sites, exchange centres, equipment, power system and supporting civil works is amounting to $1.9 million. Ministry of Railways has also adopted a Track Access Policy for private sector participation to operate freight and passenger trains on Pakistan infrastructure and they also created a Real Estate Development and Marketing Company as subsidiary of Ministry of Railways. There are six factories including Locomotive Factory Risalpur, Carriage Factory Islamabad, and four concrete Sleeper Factories in Kohat, khanewal, sukkur, are Kotri, are being corporatized for eventual privatization subject to approval of the government. Pakistan cabinet committee of restructuring has approved a restructuring framework for their Railways and also during the last financial year, 16 kms of track was rehabilitated on Pakistan Railways network besides doubling more than 15 kms of track. There are 52 new design passenger coaches were imported from China at a cost of Rs. 4.1 billion. Remaining 150 passengers coaches will be manufactured at Pakistan railways carriage factory Islamabad by June 30, 2013. 22 passengers coaches have been rehabilitated at Pakistan Railway Carriage Factory Islamabad during last year. There is a new dry port was set up at Prem Nagar near Raiwind industrial area, Lahore through public private partnership at a cost of Rs. 494.0 million. International Airlines Corporation of Pakistan earned increased revenue amounting to Rs. 116.02 billion in year 2011 as compared to 107 billion last year. A purchase agreement of 5 Boeings 777 has been signed. In Pakistan two new destinations have been introduced during the year 2011: Karachi Madina and Quetta Zahedan and also there are three new routes were introduced during the year 2011: Peshawar Kaula Lumpur, Sialkot-Riyadh and Sialkot-Dammam. In Pakistan Karachi port trust handled cargo 27.8 million tonnes during the first 9 months current fiscal year. In Pakistan consolidated revenues of PNSC group during July-March 2011-12 were Rs. 6,640 million as compared to Rs. 6772 million last year and also the corporation intends to acquire four vessels through commercial loan/joint venture basis. In Pakistan acquisition of two vessels in process, while two more vessels will be acquired in next financial year. In Pakistan the Total cargo handled on Gawadar port up till now is 4.1 million tones while Gawadar Portearned total revenue since its start of operation amounting to Rs. 53.4 million and also in the Port Qasim Authority handled a cargo volume 19.7 million tones during July-March 2011-12. The volume of cargo importduring July-March 2011-12 stood at 14.7 million tones, and alsoexports handled 4.9 million tones during July-March 2011-12. Pakistan Ministry of Communications has prepared a draft National Transport Policy which coversall modes of transport sectors i.e. (i) Roads, (ii) Railways, (iii) Ports Shipping and this policy also includes the National Transport Corridor Improvement Program(NTCIP). This programme has been launched in the country to revamp the whole transportsector including ports, roads, railway etc. and provides a frame work to developand improve the North South corridor. In Pakistan mobile penetration rose 64.9percent in 2011-12 against 60.4percent in 2010-11 whichshows an improvement of 4.3 percentage points in total teledensity. So due to mobile substitution in pakistan, Fixed Local Loop teledensity has been declining over the yearsand it stands now at 1.93 percent compared to 2.1 percent last year showing a decrease of 0.17%. There is the total mobile subscribers reached 118.3 million by the end of March 2012 as compared to 108.9 million last year in pakistan and subscribers of Local Loop (FLL + WLL) reached at 5.93 million, out of which 3.10 million belong to FLL and 2.83 million belong to WLLin these nation. The broadband subscribers reached 1.9 million at the end of February 2012 in pakistan because of that the revenues of the telecom sector during the 2011-12, standing at Rs. 363 billion compared to the last year 344.2 billion show an increase of 5.4 percent. In the last year 2011, telecom sector invested US$ 495.8 million with cellular mobile sector being the major contributor.and also telecom sector attracted over US$ 79 million Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the country which is about 5 percent of the total FDI landed in Pakistan in 2011. In pakistan the Auction of 3G licenses is expected which will bring more FDI in the country. Telecommunication Authority and the State Bank of Pakistan have signed a memorandum of Understanding (MoU) both the institutions have shown their interest and commitment in stimulating mobile banking services in the country. In pakistan cumulative investment of approximately US $ 2.5 billion in the electronic media industry. Because of cumulative invesment new jobs to more than 200,000 people of diversified skills and qualifications have been provided. In addition, over seven million people have been accommodated through indirect employment. In pakistan with the current growth rate of more than seven percent per annum, it is estimated that the cumulative investment in the electronicmedia industry will reach above $ 3.0 billion by the end of the current financial year. There is also a PBC External Services, broadcast programmes for 08 hrs daily in 11 foreign languagescovering Afghanistan, Iran, China, India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka in pakistan. The total Central Production Units (CPU) produce music, drama, features, documentaries and programmes for special occasions. CPU has over 2 million minutes recording in itsarchives which are being digitized in the country. In these country the PBC News is putting on air 117 News bulletins daily.it includes National, Regional, External and Local News bulletins besides resume of National Assembly and Senate. These PBC news launched broadcast FATA News, special news bulletins from PBC Hyderabad onrain/ flood situation and ongoing rescue and relief activities in Urdu and Sindhi languages. These countrys Post provides services through a network of 12,035 (1,797 urban and 10,238 rural)post offices across the country. The total money orders of Benazir Income Support Programme amounting to Rs.16,642.0 millionhave been paid within prescribed period of time. There is also 55 Small and Smart Express Centres have been set up in the urban areas. In Pakistan during the period July-March 2011-12 an amount of Rs. 160,266.9 million has been Collected through National Savings Schemes and earned commission amounting to Rs. 801.3 million During this period. Energy In these country of pakistan the primary energy supply during current year is 64.52 million TOE compared to 63.09 million TOE last year thus showing an increase of 2.3 percent. The availability of energy per capita in 2011 remained 0.372 Tone Oil Equivalent TOE compared to 0.371 Tone Oil Equivalent (TOE) in 2010 posting a positive growth rate of 0.16%. In Pakistan the average crude oil production during July-March 2011-12 remained 66,032 barrels per day as against 65997 barrels per day during the corresponding period of last year, showing an increase of 0.05%. In Pakistan the industrial sector had shown positive growth of 24.2% in the consumption of petroleum products during July-March 2011-12 when compared with last year. The Transport sector in this country surprisingly showed a relative small growth of 3.5 percent in the consumption of petroleum products as consumption of petroleum product in transport sector remained 6,832.9 million tones during July-March 2011-12 compared to 6,599.1 million tones during corresponding period last year in Pakistan. The total consumption of petroleum products in the power sector was 8,139 million tons compared to 8,814 million tones last year which hampered the growth in this sector, thus posting negative growth of 5.2 percent in this sector in this country. In the gas sector of Pakistan supply increased by 4.9 percent in July-March 2011-12 as the average production of natural gas was 4236.06 million cubic feet per day during this period while it was 4,050.83 million cubic feet per day in corresponding period last year. In Pakistan the natural gas in the form of CNG posted a positive growth 10.8% during July-March 2011-12. There is a total contribution of Hydel in electricity generation increased to 33.6% in 2010-11 in this country. In Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) remained the main contributor to electricity generation with 48.7% coming from this source. Karachi Electricity Supply Corporation (KESC), Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), Kot Addu Power Company (KAPCO) and the Hub Power Company (HUBCO) have 8.3, 3.6, 6.2 and 9.1%, respectively. In Pakistan the Independent Power Producers (IPPs) have contributed almost 25%. Water and Power Development Authority is executing, on priority basis, the projects such as 969 MW-Neelum Jhelum, 1410 MW-Tarbela 4th Extension, 7100 MW-Bunji, 4320 MW-Dasu, 740-MW Munda Dam and most mentionable 4500 MW-Diamer Bhasha Dam projects, to cope with the increasing demand of power in this country. There is almost 96% work on the main dam at Mangla, spillway and allied facilities had been completed and resettlement work is in progress. Likewise 99.7 percent work on Satpara and 72.1% on Gomal Zam dam has been completed. In this country there is one of the beneficiaries of Tetra-partner power import project under the head of Central Asia-South Asia (CASA-1000) electricity trade. In Pakistan the household sector consumed 44% of the total electricity generated followed by industrial (26%), government (12.3%), agriculture (10.4%) and commercial (6.8%) during July-March 2011-12. In Pakistan the major users of coal are the cement sector and brick kilns; about 60% of total coal is consumed by cement while 39 percent is consumed by the brick kiln industry during current year as compared to 62% consumption of coal in cement industry and 37% in brick kiln industry last year. Safety In Pakistan Health situations at household level has registered an improvement, in terms of 66% of population using flush toilets compared to 63% in 2008-09, because of that it creates a good and healthy environment. In this country Benazir Income Support Program launched by the government with the primary objective of providing immediate relief to poor people. Benazir Income Support Program has made remarkable progress by providing much needed relief to over 4 million recipients including Internally Displaced Persons and bomb blast victims all over Pakistan. In this country Rs. 122 billion up to March, 2012 have been disbursed to its beneficiaries. Benazir Income Support Program has an allocation of Rs 50 billion for the financial year 2011-12. Benazir Income Support Program recipients are expected to be increased to 7 million once the on-going processing of data collection during the nation-wide poverty scorecard targeting survey is finished. Benazir Income Support Program has launched a number of programs of society safety including (i) Payment to Recipients, (ii) Graduation Initiatives, (iii) Waseela-e-Haq, (iv) Waseela-e-Rozgar, (v) Waseela-e-Sehat and (vi) Waseela-e-Taleem. This countrys poverty Alleviation Fund is dedicated for micro credit, enterprise growth, community based infrastructure and energy projects, maintenance enhancement and protection, social mobilization, and capacity building. The overall disbursements for core operations during the period of July- December 2012 are Rs. 8,490 million. Pakistan Bait-ul-Mal is making a important contribution in poverty decrease by providing support to destitute, Widows, Orphans, and other needy. Rs. 1777.50 million has been utilized up to Feb. 2012 on many schemes. Zakat funds have been utilized for assistance to the needy, indigent, poor, orphans, widows and handicapped. Up to March, 2012 Rs. 7800.27 million have been spread in bulk amongst the provinces. In this country Peoples Works program (PWP) I II are providing electricity, gas, farm to market roads and other services to the rural poor. PWP-I II incurred expenditures of Rs. 5 billion and Rs 21.30 billion during 2010-11 respectively whereas Rs 2.20 billion expenses have been incurred between July-December 2011-12 on Peoples Works program -I and Rs 2.90 billion expenditures on Peoples Works program -II. In Pakistan Employees Old Age Benefits Institution provided profits to the old age workers through Old Age Pension, Inaccuracy Pension, Stayers Pension and Old Age Grants and Rs. 7961.20 million has been developed during July- March 2011-12. In this country Workers Welfare Fund utilized Rs. 2539 million during July-March 2011-12 for housing services and Marriage Grant, Death Grant and Scholarships etc. for the industrial workers. In Pakistan Government has also taken various micro-finance initiatives in collaboration with all stakeholders to create employment occasions and to eliminate poverty. Environment In Pakistan a number of projects have been funded by the government to deal with growing environmental degradation and also there are number of projects funded by the donors in which the government is a partner. All these projects are being currently implemented to develop overall atmosphere in the country. In Pakistan climate change is a zone that has become progressively important in recent years. In this regard, the National Climate Change Policy 2011 provides a outline for addressing the issues that Pakistan faces or will face in future due to the changing climate. The goal of the National Climate Change Policy is to ensure that climate change is mainstreamed in the economically and socially helpless sectors of the economy and to steer Pakistan towards climate resilient development. In Pakistan Urban air pollution remains one of the most important environmental problems, facing the cities. In Pakistan extensive body of research exhibits that high attentions of suspended particulate matter adversely affect human health; prolong a wide range of respiratory infections and increased the probability of heart diseases. In this country the higher attention of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the air is a major issue. In Pakistan the main sources of suspended particulate matter are vehicular emission, industrial emissions, burning of Solid waste, pollens and natural dust. Motorcycles and rickshaws, due to their two stroke (2-strokes) engines, are the most ineffective in burning fuel and contribute most to productions. In this country the situation of access to drinking water is quite extraordinary. In this country according to Pakistan Bureau of Statistics report (PBS) Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) Survey 2010-11, access to drinking water to urban and rural population of Pakistan is 94 and 84%, with an average of 87 % in 2011. In Pakistan hygiene facilities are improving. However, much improvement is needed for rural areas hygiene facilities. According to Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey 2007-08,the garbage collection facilities to the population is only 14% done through municipalities, 7% through confidentially managed and remaining 79% have no system. In Pakistan according to a report released by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) 2012, 92% people had enlarged access to drinking water by 2010 while this ratio was 85% and 89% in 1990 and 2000 respectively. In Pakistan the MDG aim is to achieve the ratio of 93% by 2015. Moreover, 48% people have been using better sanitation by 2010 while this ratio was 27% and 37% in 1990 and 2000 respectively and also the MDG target for access to sanitation is 90% by 2015. In Pakistan damage and need assessment report jointly prepared by the Asian Development Bank and the World Bank regarding overflows 2011, it has been pointed out that in addition to beginning loss of life, movement of millions, and huge losses to the economy, the floods in 2011 have also resulted in environmental harms, heightened environmental health risks and affected forests, swamps and other natural systems. In this country the Environmental damage caused by floods has been estimated at Rs. 2763 million (US $ 31.8 million) and Green reconstruction needs has been estimated at Rs. 2874 million (US $ 33.02 million). Flood Impact Assessment In this nation Simple monsoon rains triggered floods in Southern Pakistan at an extraordinary scale, both in terms of size and strength, swamping all 23 districts of Sindh Province and connecting areas of northern Baluchistan Province. In Pakistan Approximately, 9.6 million people were affected in Sindh and Baluchistan as a result of the floods; 520 people died and more than 1180 people were injured and also according to World Bank and Asian Development Bank report, 27,000 sq. km. area damaged in Sindh province out of the total 27,370 sq. km. There is also the flood caused total or partial damages to an estimated 998,376 housing units in Sindh and Baluchistan so that it causes the overall economy of the country. In Pakistan the highest cause occurred in the agriculture, livestock and fisheries sector, has been estimated at Rs.160 billion because of the flood and also the total damage caused by 2011 floods has been expected amounting to Rs.324.50 billion. In Pakistan the total cost of recovery and re-establishment needs has been estimated at Rs.239 billion.

To Kill A Mocking Bird :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

1.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the book continues you can see the maturity level of Jem, Scout, and Dill rise. They mature just like other boys and girls do, but the trial of Tom Robinson helped all three of the kids to learn a little more about life. The most important thing that the children learned was that, in life everyone is not treated fair. Their father Atticus showed them that it takes courage and self pride not only to live other but also to live with yourself. They also learn about the injustice and justice throughout the Tom Robinson trial. Finally the children learn about prejudice and the effect that it has on everyone else in the world. B.) I believe that people learn much more from life experiences, rather than from what school teaches them. School teaches you things that society wants you to know, instead of the stuff you should now to get by in life. School of course helps people in the long run, by preparing them for a career, but if you do not have what is called 'Street Smarts';, than there is no use for 'Book Smarts.'; For example, If the smartest person in the world walked down a dark alley, and was robbed, then he is considered just as less educated as the next man is. 2.) Considering human relationships from the past, I believe that we as individuals pay for the past years of intolerance and bigotry much more than our country. Of course we are more advanced as a society but only a little compared to the advancement of technology. There are still people who hate for no reason or very little reasons. Many of those people like to tie in the past years of ignorance and set the blame on others, when it is actually their fault. This hurts the country, and makes other country's look down on us. It also puts many people in bad situations, which not only makes people pay for the country's past mistakes, but it brings senseless crime. 3.) Ironically the missionary society is concerned for the blacks in Africa, but they are careless for the blacks that live in the area in which the stay in. Even though they concerned with the people in Africa, the Ewells share the same lifestyle as the people in Africa, and are being criticized by the missionary society. 1B.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Miss gates says that she is all for the system of democracy yet she worries's about the blacks trying to get 'above themselves.

Ceaseless controversy †Christianity Essay

The 18th century England was embroiled in ceaseless controversy. The first half of the century was marked by political movements, the rise of skeptics and deists (enlightenment period) whereas in the second half, revival within the church became the issue at stake. Harris states that the century witnessed deterioration in religious tradition, which resulted from a new spirit of individualism, accompanied by the development of new literary forms.1 Ancient records served as the basis for the claims of Christian theology,2 and the deists questioned their authenticity. The deists also ignored revealed religion, laying emphasis on the religion of nature, which is based on reason. As Cragg infers, gradually reason took the place of theology, and served as a principal factor preoccupying the century’s thought. Moreover, its supremacy as a foundation of faith was universally accepted.3 As a result, the deists expressed their objections to Christianity, considering it as a religion contrary to reason. The enlightenment period of the 18th century also came up with biblical criticism. New methods of empirical science were applied to the study of all disciplines, including the Bible.4 Consequently, a number of distinguished writers subjected the Bible to criticism. One of these personalities was Thomas Paine. In his second part of The Age of Reason, he attacked the Bible based on his own investigation. In 1796 Richard Watson, bishop of Liandaff (1737-1816),5 wrote a refutation against Paine’s book, entitled: â€Å"An Apology for the Bible.† Thus, Paine’s The Age of Reason (II) and Watson’s refutation represent enlightenment insights and religious authority respectively, which stood at conflict in the 18th century. By comparing their different perspectives, this paper will demonstrate that Paine’s argument is based on reason whereas Watson’s is based on Biblical authority and tradition. Paine is a believer in natural religion, and so his writings are opposed to the assumptions of revealed religion. For him, God fully reveals himself not in written scripture but through the universe, which can be communicated to anyone without being falsified as the Bible is. Therefore, in his attack against the revealed religion, he primarily searched for defects in the Bible. Raising a moral issue, he quoted a verse from the Bible wherein God ordered the Israelites to attack the Canaanites. From this he concluded that the Bible cannot be the word of God, as it includes a morally defective account which the creator of man by no means commissions to be done.6 According to Paine, it is repugnant to God’s moral justice that he should doom to destruction the crying or smiling infants of the Canaanites. In his reply, Watson demonstrated his defense of the revealed religion. He contends that if we are to despise the revealed religion in this way, the same will be true for natural religion, because it is obvious that earthquakes too swallow up men, women, the little ones, and infants. Then, â€Å"why do you not maintain it to be repugnant to God’s moral justice,† Watson asks Paine, † that he should suffer crying or smiling infants to be swallowed up by an earthquake, drowned by an inundation, consumed by fire, starved by famine or destroyed by pestilence?†7 This indicates that according to Watson, there is also a defect in the deist’s bible, i.e. nature. If the Bible is to be regarded defective in moral accounts because of the destruction of the infants of the Canaanites, Paine’s bible (nature) too is equally defective. In another words, Watson infers that what is revealed in nature is found in the Bible, so they are not contradictory to each other. Therefore Watson argues that it is unfair for Paine to criticize the Bible without equally comparing it with his bible (nature). He strongly expresses his objections as: â€Å"you have no right, in fairness of reasoning to urge any apparent deviation from moral justice as an argument against revealed religion because you do not urge an equally apparent deviation from it, as an argument against natural religion: you reject the former and admit the latter† (Apology, 91). In this way, Watson views Paine’s argument of morality as biased and unjust. For Watson, the Bible which he regards as â€Å"a divine instruction given to some, and traditionally communicated to all† is infallible, for it is the inspiration of God (Apology, 85). In my opinion, all Watson’s arguments lie on this key assumption. He does not critically question the authenticity of the books in the Bible as Paine does. For example, one of the books in the Pentateuch tells us that Moses spoke face to face to God, and wrote down what God had instructed him. This is undoubtedly acceptable for Watson. He does not accept any philosophical thought that may rob him of his Bible. But Paine, following his motto: â€Å"my own mind is my own church†8 accepts only what seems agreeable to his mind. Watson considers the Bible as an infallible guide, but Paine considers his â€Å"reason† as infallible and self-sufficient. While Paine tries his best to prove that the Bible contains morally offensive accounts, Watson learns morality from the Bible. He addressed Paine: â€Å"the Bible, which you despise, has taught me not to judge anyone; it has said to me, ‘who are you to judge another man’s servant? To his own master he stands or falls† (Apology, 7.) Watson came to know everything acceptable to his mind from the Bible, as his confesses: â€Å"God’s word has assured me of all that I am concerned to know† (Apology, 17.)

Is Macbeth a hero or villain? Essay

The play ‘Macbeth’ by William Shakespeare is about a fascinating character known as Macbeth. Do we consider him a hero or a villain? There has been much questioning over this. As the story goes on, Macbeth went down many changed turns, some for good, and some for bad. Macbeth goes from a nice hero to a mean villain all in a small period of time. Many actions made Macbeth into a good person at the opening of the play, which gave him titles of bravery, loyalty, and a good reputation. Then several actions made Macbeth appear evil such as committing crimes, being greedy, and having temptation. Macbeth can be seen as either a hero or a villain. At the start of the play, Macbeth was what looked to be a hero. There are numerous great characteristics to show that Macbeth is a hero such as him being loyal, kind, and overall having a good reputation. First, Macbeth had a good reputation. The idea spoken consisted of Macbeth to be a â€Å"valiant cousin, worthy gentleman† (Act 1, Scene 2, Line 1) by Duncan, the king. This means King Duncan is admiring Macbeth for his remarkable struggles in the war, by calling him ‘valiant cousin’ which indicates he is in close relationship with King Duncan. Also, by saying he is a worthy gentlemen, Duncan is saying he is an honourable fighter. Second, Macbeth is a very loyal man. â€Å"Till he faced the slave; which ne’er shook hands, nor bade him farewell to him, till he unseamed him from the nave to th’ chops, and fixed his head upon our battlements.† (Act 1, Scene 2, Line 9) This quotation explains just how loyal Macbeth was to King Duncan and his coun try. He put his life in danger to fight in the battle against the enemy Macdonwald. This was the last battle he fought after meeting the three witches. Last, Macbeth was a kind guy. For instance, he showed great love for his wife at the start of the play. When Macbeth wrote letters to Macbeth telling her how he was, what his new thoughts were, and explaining how much he loved her, he is being a kind and thoughtful man. From all his heroic titles at the beginning it shows Macbeth achieving the ‘understanding of a hero as a person noted or admired for their courage or outstanding achievements.’ (Illustrated Oxford Dictionary, Dorling Kindersley). Macbeth’s bravery, loyalty, and kindness  are absolutely what make Macbeth a heroic character. Macbeth is also a villain in the beginning of the tragedy. A villain is defined to be an evil person who goes by evil approaches to get what he needs. First, Macbeth determines he wants to be King of Scotland. He decided this when th e witches predicted that he would be Thane of Cawdor. If the witches never welcomed him King of Scotland at first, he never would have prediction about killing the king. His action directed him to keep shedding people’s blood, and was in blood too deep he couldn’t go back. Later in the play Macbeth says to Lady Macbeth, â€Å"I am in blood / Stepp’d in so far, that, should I wade no more, / Returning were as tedious as go o’er.† (Act 3, Scene 4)This statement paints the image of Macbeth bathing in a sea of blood, being so far that it is easier to carry on than to go back. Also, he grew more detached from his wife, Lady Macbeth, and made choices without her recognition. For example, when he started to kill innocent families such as the MacDuff family and didn’t tell Lady Macbeth. So then he became more cruel in his tactics to stay as the King of Scotland and the public define him as ‘This tyrant’ (V, iii) and ‘A dwarfish thief’ (V, ii), by his evil ways. Lastly, during the play, every time Macbeth attempts to attain his ambition, he constantly blocks his respectable qualities in favour of a more wicked approach. This ambition of his points him to develop a troublemaker later in the play, which leads to his downfall and concluding murder by Macduff. For instance, a major evil action Macbeth did was killing King Duncan just so he could become king and gain power. In the book Macbeth stated: â€Å"I am settled, and bend up Each corporal agent to this terrible feat. Away, and mock the time with fairest show: False face must hide what the false heart doth know.† (Act 1, Scene 7, Line 90, Pg. 61) What Macbeth is stating is that he is ready to kill King Duncan, and after he is done he will have to act upon his ‘false face’ and try not to have the guilt sink in from the truth in his heart. These evil ways proved Macbeth to be very cold hearted and a serial killer. There is no doubt that Macbeth was a villain by his greed, despair, and temptation. Last, Macbeth had a choice to be evil or be a hero. First, the witch’s prophecies gave him a choice to make. He could have listened to them or did what he thought was good, but instead he chose evil ways. When Macbeth tries to find the witches in a dark cave, he finds them, and then they show him three ghosts. The first spirit seems as an armed head that says, â€Å"Macbeth! Macbeth! Macbeth! beware Macduff; / Beware the thane of Fife.† The second spirit is a gory kid that tells Macbeth, â€Å"Be bloody, bold, and resolute; laugh to scorn / The power of man, for none born of woman / Shall harm Macbeth.† At last, the third apparition was another child with a crown on his head, telling Macbeth that he â€Å"Shall never vanquished be until Great Birnam wood to high Dunsinane Hill / Shall come against him.†(Act 4, Scene 1) This false self-assurance Macbeth was given was very significant so he could make his ultimate decision which ended in defeat. Macbeth had his wife’s thoughts too. Lady Macbeth convinced him to commit the murder when he questions the consequences to her. For Macbeth to be evil, he went with Lady Macbeth telling him he was too ‘un manly’ to kill Duncan and he should do it to become a man and not be a kid. The direct quotation that was used for Macbeth’s wife was â€Å"When you durst do it, then you were a man â€Å"(act 1, scene 7, line 4). Macbeth had a lot of decisions to choose the evil way or the hard way. He could have picked the heroic side which meant him still being thane of Caldor and Glamus, being treated nicely by Kind Duncan, and not feeling guilt by killing innocent people. Macbeth in the end, chose the wicked ways which sooner or later killed off his wife from her extreme guilt. This would not have happened if he had made accurate decisions. Unluckily, this is all triggered by miss treatment, being misled by his loved one, not seeing any enhancements he has made and non-existence love. In conclusion, MacBeth is a complicated character whose human nature means that he retains both good and evil qualities from the start of the play to the finish. He was heroic by being a strong person, a hero to Scotland, a Lord under the instruction of King Duncan, and having no reason to feel hopeless with where he is in life. Macbeth’s bravery, sense of right and wrong and his hesitant method of bad behaviour are as well-known as his evil ambition, cunning and cruelty. Macbeth cannot be argued as being purely  heroic or villainous; the difficulty of his character is proven by his vicious inner struggles and powered by his imaginings. It’s very tough to specify if Macbeth is evil or a hero, so from the thoughts everywhere what would you reflect? Works Cited: Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. New York: Washington Press, 1992 http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090322035719AA5KGEM http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~maggieoh/Macbeth/l_mac.htm http://www.shmoop.com/macbeth/violence-quotes.html http://www.123helpme.com/view.asp?id=15195 http://www.aaazealots.com/NGB/macbeth.html http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070506222202AAJnJM1 http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100516110057AATYdkQ http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~maggieoh/Macbeth/index.html

Race Ethnicity and The American Dream

Race Ethnicity and The American Dream Free Online Research Papers This semester I have taken a class at the University called Race, Ethnicity and American Dream. This class talked a lot about stereotyping in American Society, and made the students fully aware of the issues that are currently going on in society. Here, I am about to tell you the three most important things I learned throughout the semester and hopefully you can pass this along to whomever you wish. First and foremost, I learned that race is determined by several different things such as: blood, genes, parents, appearance/skin color, and your nationality. I found this extremely significant because not many people in society know exactly how race is determined. They just hear the concept almost every day and just think of it as the word race, but instead, in our class we learned exactly how your own race is determined. The next important thing I learned in class this semester is the talk about white privilege, and how whites are the hierarchy in society. White privilege makes whites feel one of three things. First, it makes white people feel comfortable, that the world was designed for them. Secondly, it makes white people normal. They don’t have to describe themselves as white, unlike every other nationality. Lastly, it equates whites with positive attributes, which entitles beauty, wealth, ability, and even intelligence. White privilege is all about a system of advantages that no other ethnicity can have. The last most important thing I learned in class this semester was the first death penalty that was given out in Texas to white men for killing a different race, occurred recently in 1998. A group of three white men were driving and happened to see an African-American standing outside when they decided to go up to him and beat him to death, for no apparent reason. Oh yeah, and I forgot to mention that after he was knocked unconscious, but still alive, the white men decided to tie him to their truck and drag him for 3 miles until his body disintegrated. I bet you didn’t know that, did you? The reason that why you didn’t know, is because the media could care less about an African-American getting beat up to death. However, what do you think would happen if it were the opposite way? If three black men were to kill a white man? I certainly believe it would be all over the news, and still talked about in classrooms all over the nation today. The problem is, we still live in a racist society and somehow, this needs to change. It’s not fair to Races other then white who get singled out for no apparent reason. It’s just not fair. Something needs to change now, or the world will never be unified as one. Research Papers on Race Ethnicity and The American DreamWhere Wild and West MeetCapital PunishmentBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionHip-Hop is ArtThe Hockey GameMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesStandardized Testing

Definition of Sharecropping

Definition of Sharecropping Sharecropping was a system of agriculture instituted in the American South during the period of Reconstruction after the Civil War. It essentially replaced the plantation system which had relied on slave labor and effectively created a new system of bondage. Under the system of sharecropping, a poor farmer who did not own land would work a plot belonging to a landowner. The farmer would receive a share of the harvest as payment. So while the former slave was technically free, he would still find himself bound to the land, which was often the very same land he had farmed while enslaved. And in practice, the newly freed slave faced a life of extremely limited economic opportunity. Generally speaking, sharecropping doomed freed slaves to a life of poverty. And the system of sharecropping, in actual practice, doomed generations of American in the South to an impoverished existence in an economically stunted region. Beginning of the Sharecropping System Following the elimination of slavery, the plantation system in the South could no longer exist. Landowners, such as cotton planters who had owned vast plantations, had to face a new economic reality. They may have owned vast amounts of land, but they did not have the labor to work it, and they did not have the money to hire farm workers. The millions of freed slaves also had to face a new way of life. Though freed from bondage, they had to cope with numerous problems in the post-slavery economy. Many freed slaves were illiterate, and all they knew was farm work. And they were unfamiliar with the concept of working for wages. Indeed, with freedom, many former slaves aspired to become independent farmers owning land. And such aspirations were fueled by rumors that the U.S. government would help them get a start as farmers with a promise of forty acres and a mule. In reality, former slaves were seldom able to establish themselves as independent farmers. And as plantation owners broke up their estates into smaller farms, many former slaves became sharecroppers on the land of their former masters. How Sharecropping Worked In a typical situation, a landowner would supply a farmer and his family with a house, which may have been a shack previously used as a slave cabin. The landowner would also supply seeds, farming tools, and other necessary materials. The cost of such items would later be deducted from anything the farmer earned. Much of the farming done as sharecropping was essentially the same type of labor-intensive cotton farming which had been done under slavery. At harvest time, the crop was taken by the landowner to market and sold. From the money received, the landowner would first deduct the cost of seeds and any other supplies. The proceeds of what was left would be split between the landowner and the farmer. In a typical scenario, the farmer would receive half, though sometimes the share given to the farmer would be less. In such a situation, the farmer, or sharecropper, was essentially powerless. And if the harvest was bad, the sharecropper could actually wind up in debt to the landowner. Such debts were virtually impossible to overcome, so sharecropping often created situations where farmers were locked into a life of poverty. Sharecropping is thus often known as slavery by another name, or debt slavery. Some sharecroppers, if they had successful harvests and managed to accumulate enough cash, could become tenant farmers, which was considered a higher status. A tenant farmer rented land from a landowner and had more control over how the management of his farming. However, tenant farmers also tended to be mired in poverty. Economic Effects of Sharecropping While the sharecropping system arose from the devastation following the Civil War and was a response to an urgent situation, it became a permanent situation in the South. And over the span of decades, it was not beneficial for southern agriculture. One negative effect of sharecropping was that it tended to create a one-crop economy. Landowners tended to want sharecroppers to plant and harvest cotton, as that was the crop with the most value, and the lack of crop rotation tended to exhaust the soil. There were also severe economic problems as the price of cotton fluctuated. Very good profits could be made in cotton if the conditions and weather were favorable. But it tended to be speculative. By the end of the 19th century, the price of cotton had dropped considerably. In 1866 cotton prices were in the range of 43 cents a pound, and by the 1880s and 1890s, it never went above 10 cents a pound. At the same time that the price of cotton was dropping, farms in the South were being carved up into smaller and smaller plots. All these conditions contributed to widespread poverty. And for most freed slaves, the system of sharecropping and the resulting poverty meant their dream of operating their own farm could never be achieved. The system of sharecropping endured beyond the late 1800s. For the early decades of the 20th century it was still in effect in parts of the American South. The cycle of economic misery created by sharecropping did not fully fade away the era of the Great Depression. Sources: Sharecropping.  Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History, edited by Thomas Carson and Mary Bonk, vol. 2, Gale, 2000, pp. 912-913.  Gale Virtual Reference Library. Hyde, Samuel C., Jr. Sharecropping and Tenant Farming.  Americans at War, edited by John P. Resch, vol. 2: 1816-1900, Macmillan Reference USA, 2005, pp. 156-157.  Gale Virtual Reference Library.

Book Cover Design Create AMAZING Covers in Just 7 Steps

Book Cover Design Create AMAZING Covers in Just 7 Steps Book Cover Design: Your 7-Step Guide to an Unforgettable Cover A great book cover design, at its most basic level, is something that will help readers take you and your book seriously. Online retailers like Amazon do not distinguish between traditional and self-published books - which means independent authors are often competing again Big 5 publishers. If your book stands a chance at succeeding, its design has to match or, if possible, exceed what the major companies are putting out.In this post, we will look at how you can design a book cover by yourself. We’ll then look at why you should consider professional cover design before revealing how you can find and collaborate with your ideal designer.How to design a book cover in 7 stepsBook cover design is a complex balance of images, text, and information - and you need someone who understands how each of these elements interacts with the others to best sell your book. How to design your own book cover (if you absolutely have to) But if you do decide to make your own cover, here are 7 steps that you’ll want to follow.1. Find inspiration and ideas for your coverApart from your ability to execute a design, the most important aspect of book covers is their ability to connect with the target market: that is, the people who are likely to buy the kind of title you’re writing. Therefore, your first stop for inspiration should always be the other books in your genre. Let us know your thoughts and questions about book cover design in the comments below.

Euthyphro by Socrates Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Euthyphro by Socrates - Assignment Example According to â€Å"Eutyphro By Plato† (2011), Plato and Euthyphro start talking about piety when Euthyphro brings up the fact that he is prosecuting his father for the murder of a domestic servant who had, in a state of drunkenness, murdered a field worker (par. 33). Plato was mainly concerned about this because he was about to be indicted with impiety. According to â€Å"Eutyphro By Plato† (2011), Plato contended that he was being prosecuted by the state for having corrupted the youth (par. 10). The concept of holiness takes such precedence in this conversation because, at length, Socrates is trying to understand why Euthyphro is bringing a charge of murder against his own father—especially when nowadays, probably what Euthyphro’s father did would be considered manslaughter, but that’s beside the point. The real point is that Socrates draws out this singular question into a lengthy argument about the many and diverse opinions of the Gods—and how they would agree or disagree about certain matters depending upon their respective viewpoints. Why this is important is because we see that Socrates starts the conversation by trying to imply that it was wrong for Euthyphro to bring a charge against his father—when really he was trying to demonstrate an entirely different point to Euthyphro, which was that his logic was based more in opinion that in objectively made arguments and rational, logically-explained truths. III. Euthyphro’s Three Definitions and Socrates’s Three Refutations Euthyphro, at one point, says piety is doing what is right by prosecuting he who commits a wrong, whatever wrong it may be. Socrates then talks about levels of crime in terms of seriousness. One of the first times Socrates asks Euthyphro about what piety actually is, again, Euthyphro has a ready answer. According to â€Å"Euthyphro By Plato† (2011), â€Å"Piety†¦is that which is dear to the gods, and impiety is tha t which is not dear to them† (par. 57). Then they get into a whole discussion about whether the inverse arguments are true. By the third time Socrates asks Euthyphro’s definition about piety, Euthyphro basically gives up, to be brief. He states that he doesn’t really know how to describe what he means and that whatever understanding he had has left him. Mainly, it seems that what has happened here is that Socrates has ultimately stumped Euthyphro. Socrates’s logic was just too much for him to handle. That is why we see Euthyphro saying â€Å"Yes,† and â€Å"Certainly† so many times in the text. It’s almost certain that he is just agreeing so that Socrates will move on with his argument, almost childlike in the way that he tries to bait Euthyphro into trying to even dispute him. However, Socrates’s logic is unmatched, and these three times that Socrates refutes him just prove even moreso his brilliance and unabated sparkling wit. IV. Socrates’s Goal: How One Knows It, and The Way One Can Tell Socrates asks whether â€Å"the holy is beloved by the Gods because it is holy, or holy because it is the beloved of the Gods† (par. 110). When the question is put in reverse, Socrates basically argues both sides, that

Capitalism is a Force of Progress for Business and Society Essay

Capitalism is a Force of Progress for Business and Society - Essay Example This essay declares that the societies are made up of a few filthy rich people and a majority poor. In relation to business organizations, critics of capitalism associate it with the establishment of powerful and monopolistic organizations which are said to oppress the majority less powerful organizations. Other vices that have been associated to capitalism include imperialism, materialism, unemployment as well as exploitation. This discussion explores that capitalism is defined as a system of economics whereby industries, corporations and means of production are owned and controlled by private entrepreneurs. The main objective of these owners is to make as much profits as they can. Therefore, they invest any available capital and re-invest profits. Goods and services are produced with the major objective of selling them for profits. In addition, the production is based on market economy whereby the forces of demand and supply are the once that dictate the prices of goods and services. Under capitalism, the economy is made up of competitive markets. Capital accumulation is a common feature as well as wage labour. A capitalist society is founded on the principle of individual rights. The economic freedom leads to what is referred to as the free market. No regulation or barriers to activities in the market. Capitalism allows for a competitive market. Industries can freely compete for each other. In a politica l system, capitalism is a system whereby the laissez- faire kind of leadership is exercised. Everyone is at liberty to make their own decision and achieve their own goals in their own way. In a legal system, capitalism refers to a system that is guided by objective laws. It advocates for rule of law rather than the rule of man. Capitalism as a force of progress for business and society At the end of feudal economies, capitalism found its way up the ranks and has since become a dominant phrase in the developed countries as well as some of the developing countries. Though it is may not be easily justifiable whether capitalism has been the force that single handed contributed to the success of the developed countries and business organization, it can be reliably proved that capitalism has had a significant influence to their development. For instance, capitalism allows for free markets where competition is a common feature. Competition gives a motivation for managers of business organi zations to work hard in order to win the battle over their rivals (Fulcher, 2004). The organizations will therefore strive to improve their goods and services so as to satisfy their customers and gain the competitive edge. In the process the business improvement as well as the society development will be realised. Further the free market facilitates economic growth. The prices for good and services are not controlled by any organization or any individual. The forces of demand and supply are responsible for the changes that occur in the products in the market. Suppliers and producers

Campaign Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Campaign Design - Essay Example world’s population are living with chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, cardiovascular disease, mental health conditions, and more. Therefore, AARP came up to advocate for changes in the health sector in order to improve the health condition of the ageing generation. AARP is a lobby group that released a report in 2009 stating that patients experience lack of coordination from health providers, specifically by receiving repeat tests and procedures, unnecessary hospitalizations, and difficult transition from hospitals to homes (Whyte, 2012). AARP is a lobby group that wants the elderly to move away from traditional ‘doctor/patient ‘roles. The group wants its members to embrace their own involvement in health care and in exploiting alternative medical options (Kazbare,Van & Eskildsen, 2010). The group combines with the consumerism movement to empower its members. In addition, the group exercise control in requesting second opinions from doctors and alternative treatment methods in health care decisions (Halfmann, 2011). There is the issue of over-medicalization of aging. AARP always addresses this question: (i) at what point as people as age do, we become accepting of aging and stop rushing to a physician all of the time? (ii) How do people decide whether to fix a problem if it has more to do with later years of life than with a traditional medical ailment? And (iii) Can people depend on their physicians to clearly tell them when a medical problem is as easily addressed by physical therapy as by a surgical procedure of some type- especially when there are low-tech ways to improve the situation (Rasmussen, 2014). According to AARP, old people must consider above question. The group argues that medicalization of ageing potentially exposes seniors to more and more risks without really solving the problems. AARP is a lobby group that addresses the challenges in the health sector, especially the issue of staffing. The group does not just

Conflict and emotions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Conflict and emotions - Essay Example When the older brother hears the news, he rushes to see his younger brother at the hospital and realizes that he was married to a man. This was shocking news though it is clear that the older brother already knew about his brother's sexual orientation. The words spoken by the dead brother's lover clearly indicate this: "Forgive yourself for not wanting to know him/after he told you. He did." (1. 34-35). It means that these two brothers were at odds with each other when he came out of the closet. The conflict is all about discrimination and the way people treat those who they consider different. Different doesn't mean bad or evil, it just represents diversity and variety of approaches to life. This is what the poem is trying to tell us. The poem also elucidates the challenges that gay people have to encounter in their desire to live their lives their way. The commitment of a gay couple is shown to be even more intense because there are so many odds against them. The straight brother i s unable to grasp this as he wonders ""How could anyone's commitment be deeper than a husband and wife" (1.28) He cannot fathom the mystery. He goes back to his sheltered life where he knows his children will not be targeted or discriminated against. The same conflict of discrimination runs in the other poem, Tu Do Street but h

International marketing plan- how to increase sales rate for HTC in UK Dissertation

International marketing plan- how to increase sales rate for HTC in UK - Dissertation Example The chapter also highlights the rationale and scope of the research along with proposing the methodology. The literature review chapter discussed the model proposed by Zeithaml (1985) where the relationship between price, value, and quality has been associated with consumer perception. The model explained that in order to enhance the consumer perceptions, it is important to decrease the perception of sacrifice, add intrinsic attributes, evoke perceptions, and use extrinsic cues to signal value for all possible strategies. The chapter concluded that price, value, and quality of products affect the perceived benefits and beliefs of consumers in a good manner. The research methodology chapter presented an overview of the different elements of the methodology along with highlighting the preference for each element in an illustrative manner. The finding and analysis chapter found that Samsung success factors are in the form of a robust and varied product portfolio attracting consumers of all age groups. On the other hand, Apple believes in product differentiation embedded with brand equity and recognition to attract consumers. The last chapter concluded that that the success factors of Apple are mainly in the form of product differentiation, brand appeal, brand value, and consumer perception over the value and quality. ... Communication plays an important role in connecting people and in this regard, mobile phones have played a major and crucial role (Adkins, 2008). The advent of mobile phones offered much needed liberty to people to enhance the communication at any point of time making life easy and simple along with facilitating the flow of information and communication (Anttila and Jung, 2006). Motorola was the first company to introduce mobile phones in the market and later a number of organisations introduced mobile phones in their domestic markets. Prior to 2010, Nokia was the market leader in the mobile phone communication having great reach in different parts of the world. Later, organisations like Samsung, HTC, Micromax, Apple, and Sony forayed into different markets increasing the overall rate of competition along with offering wide arrays of options to the consumers. One of the most innovative mobile manufacturers has been Apple and Samsung offering attractive mobile phones with distinctive designs and appeal. Samsung is a South Korean multinational conglomerate having a number of products including mobile phones. On the other hand, Apple is an American multinational company having wide arrays of products related to computers, software, and mobile phones (Attewell, 2005). Initially, the success of both these organisations was limited to few countries but later these companies embraced an international outlook by exploring international markets and thus gaining impressive market share (Ballard, 2007). The research aimed to explore factors affecting the productivity of foreign mobile phone brands like Samsung and Apple in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom has been a developed market for

Why might firms with exposure to foreign markets use foreign currency Coursework

Why might firms with exposure to foreign markets use foreign currency derivatives - Coursework Example A derivative is defined as ‘an instrument whose price is derived from, or depends on, the price of another asset’ (Hull 2009:779). When a company receives foreign currency against supply of services or goods to a foreign based importer, it acknowledges some kind of foreign exchange risk, since there is a possibility of fluctuation between currencies of both exporter and importer from the time of entering into the contract and receipt of funds from the foreign importer. Thus, in case of companies with substantial export earnings, it should assess the quantum of its forex exposure, create a road map for how to minimise that risk, to employ hedging strategies to minimise any substantial loss that may be encountered due to future forex fluctuations in the currencies where it is likely to receive from its foreign importers. (Bragg 2010: 207). For instance, if a company has quoted its export values in US$ and during the interval period where a foreign importer is under obligat ion to pay the exporter, if the dollar appreciates against the exporter’s currency, then the importer might be paying with a decreased –value currency, which creates the company to account for a foreign exchange loss at the time of receipt of funds. (Bragg 2010: 208). As per Froot, Scharstein and Stein (1993), if the level of capital investment of a company is high, the chance for employing forex derivatives in its risk management policy is always on the increase. (Froot, Scharstein and Stein 1993:1631). ... ers of the international companies opt these derivatives so as to take the positions in the anticipation of revenues (speculation) or employment of these instruments to minimise the risk inherent with day to day management of their company’s cashflow hedging).( Aswathappa 2010 :543). The probable advantages from employing forex derivatives are reliant on the anticipated exchange rate movements. Thus, it is essential to comprehend why the exchange rate moves over time before employing the forex derivatives for risk coverage. Different Kinds of Forex Derivatives Forex Forwards: Forward is comprised of spot transactions that have been retained for less than 180 days but held over 48 hours when they due for payment and paid at the current prevailing spot price. If you minus the bid price with that of ask price, then you can arrive at the transaction cost. Forex swaps are financial transactions associated with the swapping of two currency amounts on a particular date and a reverse exchange of the analogues' amount at an afterward date. The main objective is to administer currency risks and liquidity by executing forex transactions at the most apt time. In fact, the underlying currency is borrowed and lent concurrently in both currencies, for instance, by selling Euro for US$ for spot value and consenting to reverse the deal at an afterdate. (Brickford& Brickford 2007:7) Forex Futures: A future can be illustrated as a standardised contract to sell or buy a particular asset at a price previously consented to and at a fixed future date. Forex futures are standardised financial instruments that are negotiated in organised markets. Forex futures have many probable benefits but also have many probable risks. Forex futures markets are not only heavily regulated but also

International marketing plan- how to increase sales rate for HTC in UK Dissertation

International marketing plan- how to increase sales rate for HTC in UK - Dissertation Example The chapter also highlights the rationale and scope of the research along with proposing the methodology. The literature review chapter discussed the model proposed by Zeithaml (1985) where the relationship between price, value, and quality has been associated with consumer perception. The model explained that in order to enhance the consumer perceptions, it is important to decrease the perception of sacrifice, add intrinsic attributes, evoke perceptions, and use extrinsic cues to signal value for all possible strategies. The chapter concluded that price, value, and quality of products affect the perceived benefits and beliefs of consumers in a good manner. The research methodology chapter presented an overview of the different elements of the methodology along with highlighting the preference for each element in an illustrative manner. The finding and analysis chapter found that Samsung success factors are in the form of a robust and varied product portfolio attracting consumers of all age groups. On the other hand, Apple believes in product differentiation embedded with brand equity and recognition to attract consumers. The last chapter concluded that that the success factors of Apple are mainly in the form of product differentiation, brand appeal, brand value, and consumer perception over the value and quality. ... Communication plays an important role in connecting people and in this regard, mobile phones have played a major and crucial role (Adkins, 2008). The advent of mobile phones offered much needed liberty to people to enhance the communication at any point of time making life easy and simple along with facilitating the flow of information and communication (Anttila and Jung, 2006). Motorola was the first company to introduce mobile phones in the market and later a number of organisations introduced mobile phones in their domestic markets. Prior to 2010, Nokia was the market leader in the mobile phone communication having great reach in different parts of the world. Later, organisations like Samsung, HTC, Micromax, Apple, and Sony forayed into different markets increasing the overall rate of competition along with offering wide arrays of options to the consumers. One of the most innovative mobile manufacturers has been Apple and Samsung offering attractive mobile phones with distinctive designs and appeal. Samsung is a South Korean multinational conglomerate having a number of products including mobile phones. On the other hand, Apple is an American multinational company having wide arrays of products related to computers, software, and mobile phones (Attewell, 2005). Initially, the success of both these organisations was limited to few countries but later these companies embraced an international outlook by exploring international markets and thus gaining impressive market share (Ballard, 2007). The research aimed to explore factors affecting the productivity of foreign mobile phone brands like Samsung and Apple in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom has been a developed market for

E-Business and e-Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

E-Business and e-Marketing - Essay Example The whole world has become a small place because of internet. Everyone can have all the information pertaining to any field or subject using internet. There have been significant advancements in technology over the years and it had a significant impact and changes on the people's way of leaving. It has brought about changes in the way people access different kinds of information online and the ways in which they communicate with each other. World Wide Web is also having its significant impact on the ways through which businesses are now being conducted in different organisations all over the world. The term e-business can be referred to as the utilisation of internet technology for the improvement in efficiency of business processes conducted by various organisations. It has also resulted in the establishments of different new kinds of business models. E-Business is believed to have emerged during the mid 1990s (Maruyama). It was mostly concerned about bringing enterprise systems tha t existed then to the internet audience in general through internet or World Wide Web. E-Business now can be found at the mainstream of most of the organisations. E-Business helps in the improvement of business performances through the use of information technology and thereby facilitates connection between customers and suppliers at every step in the value chain. Hence it could result in significant shift or changes in the field of technology, business and the society as a whole along with the changes in interactions between them. As regards technology, information technology has been revolutionised over the past years. It has its impact in almost all the economic sectors and in every sphere of our lives. The processing power relative to the digital technologies is expected to have a rapid increase because of decline in the cost associated with the advancements of technology in future (The Levin Institute). As a result of new technological advancements, most of the business transac tions are expected to be done over internet which would lead to the reduction in the transaction costs as well. The job structure is also expected to change and more people can use internet sitting back at home and performing their business tasks. More and more people would shift towards jobs offered online which could be done at their convenient place and flexible work timings for the employees as well. With the growing expansion of World Wide Web, different new technologies like location-based technologies and radio frequency identification (RFID) are expected to lead to the development of innovative applications resulting in the evolution of networks which can be termed as "Internet of Things" (OECD). In the longer run, small sized wireless sensor devices which are embedded in different objects, facilities and equipments are most likely to get integrated with internet with the help of wireless networks. This would enable interconnectivity anytime and anywhere. The future capaciti es and uses of technologies which bridge the virtual worlds with the physical world are supposed to result in significant societal changes as well as bring about increased economic benefits. Economic activity is becoming faster, cheaper and efficient as a result of World Wide Web.

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy: Case Study

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy: Case Study Case Study 1 (Phillip) Background Phillip is displaying multiple adverse psychological symptoms that would best fit the diagnosis of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Specifically Phillip is a compulsive washer as he maintains a high level of cleanliness, having showers up to three times a day. He also only eats frozen food in order to avoid contamination and organises his furniture, making sure that they are all perpendicular to the wall. These compulsions are repetitive, purposeful behaviours designed to prevent or reduce anxiety (De Silva, 2003). Some, if not most, of Phillip’s anxiety arises from the intrusive thought of stabbing his mother which has become a clinical obsession because he believes that the thought has personal significance and meaning. This may be because Phillip has an inflated sense of responsibility and so believes that he is responsible for preventing the intrusive thought from actually happening (Rheaume et al., 1994). This has led to Phillip avoiding people, his Mother especially, but this has only increased the frequency and severity of his compulsions. It appears that Phillip is stuck in a vicious cycle of his obsessions and his compulsions feeding off one another and so intervention will be needed in order to help him. Theoretical Framework There are two central aspects of OCD, the cognitive aspects which include intrusive thoughts, obsessions and cognitive distortions, and the behavioural aspect of compulsions. In cognitive theory, intrusive thoughts (e.g. I want to stab my mother) occur automatically and usually have no emotional significance but can take on significance, depending on the context in which intrusions happen (England Dickerson, 1988). Such thoughts are very common and have been reported to occur in almost 90% of the population (Rachman de Silva, 1978) but once an individual deems these thoughts as significant it can cause distress and the belief that they are personally responsible for preventing the thought from actually happening. The distress caused by high levels of perceived responsibility has been found in multiple studies (Shafran, 1997; Roper Rachman 1975) as obsessional patients felt a lot more uncomfortable performing checking rituals when they were on their own and calmer when the therapis t was there as the patient felt less responsibility. This sense of responsibility is associated with both worry (Wells Papageorgiou, 1998) and OC symptoms (Salkovskis et al., 2000a). Specifically, the lowering of responsibility is associated with a significant drop in discomfort and need to check (Lopatka Rachman, 1995). One explanation for inflated responsibility is the ‘thought-action fusion’ (TAF) theory which suggests that obsessions occur in people who believe that thinking about a disturbing event is the same as doing it and that having an intrusive thought is morally equivalent to acting on said thought (Rachman, 1993; Shafran, Thordarson Rachman, 1996). TAF is an example of ‘thinking errors’ outlined by Beck (1976) which are used by most people all the time but can be detrimental when thinking errors become central to thought processes (Nisbett Ross, 1980). The most prevalent thinking error in those with OCD is that having any influence over the outcome means that you are responsible for the outcome. Due to the distress caused by the appraisal of intrusive thoughts, individuals aim to neutralise the anxiety caused through mental reassurance and overt compulsions (such as washing and checking) (Salkovskis, 1985). However attempts to neutralise the thought can sustain and potentially increase responsibility beliefs and the occurrence of intrusive thoughts. A common type of neutralising behaviour which is present in Phillip’s case is compulsive washing. Almost 50% of patients with OCD are compulsive washers (APA, 1994) and it is even more common in childhood cases of OCD like Phillip’s with 85% of young patients displaying washing rituals (Swedo et al., 1989b). It has been suggested that one of the main attributes of compulsive washers is perfectionism (Tallis, 1996). Tallis claims that most compulsive washers do not exhibit such behaviour because they are concerned about contamination or illness, instead they are more concerned with maintaining their environment perfe ctly and thus feeling fully in control. Research has found that there is a significant link between perfectionism and OCD in general, not just in compulsive washing (Bouchard et al., 1999). As Phillip appears to be displaying the perfectionist personality trait, it is important to consider this in therapy. As perfectionism has been found to correlate with depressive symptoms (Enns Cox, 1999; Flett et al., 1991) it is possible that a negative mood may be a factor in Phillip’s thinking errors. The mood-as-input theory (Martin et al., 1993) suggests that people use their mood as a factor to decide whether or not they have completed a task. When people are in a positive mood they are more likely to take their affect as a sign that they are progressing in a task and achieving more (Hirt et al., 1996). Whereas those in a negative mood experience the opposite and interpret their mood to mean that they haven’t progressed enough and so must continue with the task (Schwarz Bless, 1991; Frijda, 1988). This may occur because people in negative moods have been found to process tasks more extensively than those in positive moods (Mackie Worth, 1989). This is a significant theory for Phillip’s case as individuals with OCD tend to use internal states that are difficult to achie ve such as ‘having a gut feeling’ to help them decide when to stop compulsive behaviour (Salkovskis, 1998). They therefore have stricter personal requirements for making decisions and so what should be an automatic decision becomes a strategic one and the strict criteria have to be met before anxiety is reduced and the compulsive behaviour can stop (Salkovskis et al., 2000a). Problem Formulation Phillip presents all of the issues outlined in the theoretical framework which will act as the foundations for intervention. Figure 1 shows the main aspects of Phillip’s case and highlights his rules for living and the cycle in which he is trapped. From the information given in Phillip’s case, it appears as though the bottom line of his psychology is â€Å"I have to have full control over every aspect of my life† which may have been caused by authoritarian parenting (Timpano et al., 2010) or childhood trauma (Lochner et al., 2002) which have both been found to significantly correlate with OCD symptoms. Whilst there isn’t enough information about Phillip’s childhood to speculate if such things have happened to him, these are factors to bear in mind during treatment. This strict bottom line in Phillip’s life has led to certain maladaptive rules of living including his perfectionism (control over actions) and inflated responsibility (control over thoughts and feelings). He also has a generally negative mood as an input to his thought processes because he can never fully satisfy the strict standards that he sets himself. Then, when Phillip was a teenager he began experiencing intrusive thoughts about stabbing his mother. Such intrusive thoughts are not usually enough to trigger anxiety but due to Phillip’s rules of living, he finds personal meaning in the thought and feels responsible for preventing the thought from happening. This triggers anxiety and so he seeks to neutralise the thought through compulsive washing, arranging furniture and socially isolating himself. When these neutralising behaviours reduce his anxiety it reinforces Phillip’s thinking errors, his rules of living and his bottom line. Thus, when his anxiety is triggered again he repeats the behaviour and so Phillip is trapped in a cycle of his compulsions and obsessions reinforcing one another. Figure 1. Problem Formation flow chart for Phillip Treatment Intervention Phillip’s treatment can start with cognitive therapy aiming to focus and modify his thinking errors and inflated sense of responsibility. At the same time as this Phillip can take part in group therapy designed specifically to treat perfectionists. After these treatments and once Phillip feels ready to, he can move on to exposure and response prevention (ERP) using virtual reality to simulate dirty and contaminated environments. This will help him to control his compulsions and get him out of the obsessive-compulsive cycle. For Phillip, cognitive therapy will start by focussing on the distinction between intrusive thoughts and his negative appraisal of those thoughts. As outlined by Menzies and de Silva (2003), this begins by asking patients to reflect upon the last time they had an intrusive thought and what their behavioural reaction was to this thought. Phillip will then be encouraged to recognise that it was not the thought itself that cause his subsequent behaviour but how he interpreted the thought. It is important that the client understands the distinction between his intrusions and their appraisal before moving on to further intervention as it may otherwise confuse them. Next, Phillip taught about how common intrusive thoughts can be, to help him dismiss any feelings of shame or guilt that he may be feeling. It is suggested by Salkovskis (1999) that patients should be encouraged to view intrusive thoughts as a potentially positive and useful occurrence that can help with problem solving and for esight. The goal of this is not to eliminate their intrusions but to help them feel more positive by normalising them. Phillip is also encouraged to modify his responsibility appraisals in order to reduce his inflated sense of responsibility. Van Oppen Arntz (1994) found that even when people with OCD understand how unlikely it is that their intrusive thoughts will become reality, they continue to show compulsive behaviours because they feel a sense of responsibility to stop it from happening. Van Oppen Arntz (1994) suggest creating a pie chart with patients that they can divide up to represent the importance of factors that may contribute to a feared outcome. Once Phillip assigns percentage values to each factor he will be able to visualise that his role of responsibility is much smaller than he originally thought. This technique will help Phillip to reassess the overestimation of his responsibility and realise the importance of other uncontrollable factors. Whilst undergoing cognitive therapy Phillip will join group therapy to help him with his perfectionism. Ferguson and Rodway (1994) outlined a group therapy programme for perfectionism based on cognitive-behavioural theory. This programme will aim to help Phillip understand the problems that can arise from perfectionism and what strategies can be used in order to change his perfectionist way of thinking. The therapy will also be based on the outline provided by Kutlesa and Arthur (2007) which applies a psycho-educational approach to perfectionism, using interpersonal theory (Yalom,1995) as the psychological component which will ask Phillip and others in the group to focus on the present rather than worrying about the future. The educational component will use elements of cognitive-behavioural theory (Ellis, 1991; Beck, 1993) to teach the group about the thinking errors involved in perfectionism and skills to cope with and change these thinking errors. Once Phillip has made progress in both treatments and feels ready for the next step he will move on to ERP as a treatment for his compulsive behaviour. Firstly, Phillip will be steadily and gradually exposed to environmental triggers. He will write a list of situations in which he could be contaminated, started with the one that makes him the least anxious and working his way up to the worst. Most ERP treatments ask participants to experience these situations either through images or in vivo but a new method of virtual reality (VR) is being used in the treatment of OCD and it has been found to be effective (Kim et al., 2009; Belloch et al., 2014). Using VR, Phillip will then be exposed to the items on his list one by one, experiencing each one repeatedly until anxiety is completely reduced and Phillip is ready for the next item. Another aspect of this treatment is response prevention which aims to help patients control their compulsions in advance of triggering events (Meyer et al., 1974). This involves strategies such as using alternative behaviours and modifying compulsive rituals which can be integrated into the VR exposure. This treatment aims to expose Phillip to his triggers in a safe way reducing his anxiety for those situations and learning to control his compulsions in the process. Evaluation Using cognitive and behavioural treatments together is crucial for Phillip’s intervention as they both deal with either the obsessions and the thinking errors or the compulsions but not both. If only one of these elements is dealt with then it is likely that the other will return. Whilst cognitive therapy has been found to be potentially effective on its own (Cottraux et al., 2001) studies have found that when ERP is combined with cognitive therapy it produces lower dropout rates, greater general coping and decreased obsessive-compulsive symptoms (Kyrios et al., 2001; Freeston et al., 1997). A major aspect of Phillip’s case that wasn’t dealt with in cognitive-behavioural therapy that was not covered was his perfectionism. Research has found that CBT doesn’t significantly reduce perfectionist symptoms (Egan Hine, 2008) whereas Richards etal. (1993) found lower scores on perfectionism and depression scales and increased levels of self-reported wellbeing and self-esteem in response to group therapy. The incorporation of VR is a modern approach to ERP but it is one that is becoming very popular in the treatment of many anxiety disorders (Kim et al., 2009) and has been found to be as effective as in vivo exposure (Belloch et al., 2014). One aspect that wasn’t addressed in Phillip’s treatment is that of his family. As mentioned earlier it is possible that authoritarian parenting (Timpano et al., 2010) or childhood trauma (Lochner et al., 2002) could be involved in Phillip’s case as these are common causes of childhood OCD. There are family-based therapies that are shown to be effective in these cases (Lebowitz, 2013) but there wasn’t enough information about Phillip’s family to make such assumptions. If, in therapy, similar issues are revealed then family-based therapy may be very useful for Phillip. Also, little attention was given to biological factors even though pharmacological treatments are very effective in the treatment of OCD (Abramowitz, 1997; de Haan et al., 1997). This is because it would only tackle Phillip’s symptoms whereas cognitive therapy with ERP and group therapy will help Phillip to understand his rules of living, his bottom line, and how to potentially c hange or cope with this. References

Evolution- Should You Believe in It? :: essays research papers

-This essay is not mine- THE question â€Å"Do you believe in evolution or in creation?† is more than a matter of idle curiosity. The answer that one gives will be deeply reflected in his attitude toward his fellowman, his moral values and his outlook on the future. 2 Belief in evolution is not new; it did not originate with Charles Darwin. But, following publication, in 1859, of his book The Origin of Species, the supporters of the idea have greatly increased in number. In those lands where considerable emphasis is placed on â€Å"science,† the teaching of evolution holds a prominent place in school textbooks. It is introduced in the early grades, and repeated and enlarged upon year after year. 3 It is the desire to find more evidence for this teaching that has also been a prime moving force in the exorbitantly expensive space exploits of the nations. To NASA’s planning chief, Wernher von Braun, the flight of Apollo 11 was â€Å"nothing less than a step in human evolution comparable to the time when life on earth emerged from the sea and established itself on land.† And Science magazine, in its special issue of January 30, 1970, revealed: â€Å"The search for carbon-containing material on the lunar surface is not only a component part of the study of the origin and history of the moon, but an important step in our understanding of the early stages of chemical evolution leading to the origin of life.† So it was with keen anticipation that rock samples were brought back to the earth and carefully analyzed for any traces of life, present or past, but the lack of publicity given to the results was a reflection of the disappointment felt by advocates of evol ution. Still they push on farther, and at even greater expense. Why? In an article entitled â€Å"Future in Space—From Moon to Mars,† U.S. News & World Report announced: â€Å"One of the main goals of such an expedition is to search for evidence of life on the planet.† 4 The basic idea of evolution is that all the plant, animal and human life on this earth had its origin in one-celled life forms that developed in the sea hundreds of millions of years ago. Though some profess to believe that a Creator began the process, this is not true of the majority. Evolutionists contend that the ancestors of man included both apelike beasts and fish.

Minor League Baseball: Boom Or Bust To Communities? :: essays research papers

Minor League Baseball: Boom or Bust to Communities?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Despite the occasional disappointment, minor league baseball provides many communities with economic development and an improved quality of life. Communities as small as Elizabethtown, Tennessee or as large as Phoenix, Arizona have shared the common bond of being the homes of major league farm teams. This is referred to as the National Association of Professional Baseball, or more commonly known as the â€Å"minor leagues.† As the popularity of major league baseball seems to be decreasing due to the recent player strike, free agency, and anti-trust labor laws, minor league baseball has generated excitement that can only be associated with baseball in the good old days. This excitement is a purity of spirit which the majors no longer possess. â€Å"It is baseball in its simplest form-- just ball, bats, gloves, and lifelong dreams. The parks are generally small, the players, hardworking young men whom local fans are likely to run into the next day at the mall or maybe the corner bar. A family of four can see a game, eat dinner--maybe even pick up a souvenir or two--without having to consider a second mortgage. No lockouts, no holdouts, no five-dollar beers, and the umpire is the only one who can call a strike. â€Å"Just the national pastime, played the game it is,† says one editor of The Minor League Baseball Book.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are currently 156 teams that are part of the National Association of Professional Baseball. This number will grow in the next few years with the addition of two expansion teams at the major league level. There have also been a number of independent leagues formed which are said to be the â€Å"future of minor league baseball.† The success of these teams have shown how the value of these franchises have grown over the past ten years. In the past, class AAA teams would sell for three hundred thousand dollars while a smaller class A team went for fifty thousand. Today the class AAA teams are being sold for as high as five million dollars while class A teams are going for around one million. The best example of the fact that franchises have grown in value over the years is the Reading Phillies. Joe Buzas, a minor league baseball entrepreneur, has owned and operated twelve minor league teams in seventeen cities since 1956. In 1976, Buzas bought the Reading Phillies franchise for $1. Ten years later in 1986 he sold it for $1,000,000.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The addition of minor league baseball to communities can provide many benefits. The greatest benefit is the overall economic lift that minor league

Term paper of Bill of rights

Two further constitutions were drafted and adopted during wo short-lived war-time governments, by the revolutionary forces during the Philippine Revolution with Emilio Aguinaldo as President and by the occupation forces during the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines during World War II with Jos © P. Laurel as President. Article Ill – Bill of Rights consists of 22 Sections. The objective of this paper is to determine the significance of having this Bill of Rights to our country and to identify by the people the importance of knowing the Bill of Rights in each of everyone surrounded by this law.A bill of rights is a list of the most important rights to the citizens of a country. The purpose of these bills is to protect those rights against infringement. The term â€Å"bill of rights† originates from england . The purpose of a Bill of Rights is to withdraw certain subjects from the vicissitudes of political controversy, to place them beyond the reach of majorities and officials and to establish them as legal principles to be applied by the courts. The Bill of Rights ? How many rights do you have?You should check, because it might not be as many today as it was a few years ago, or even a few months ago. Some people I talk to are not concerned that police will execute a search warrant without nocking or that they set up roadblocks and stop and interrogate innocent citizens. They do not regard these as great infringements on their rights. But when you put current events together, there is information that may be surprising to people who have not yet been concerned: The amount of the Bill of Rights that is under attack is alarming. What about the meaning of Rights ? re legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom orentitlement ; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people, according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory. Rights are of essential importance in such disci plines as law and ethics , especially theories of Justice and deontology. Rights are often considered fundamental to civilization, being regarded as established pillars of society andculture and the history of social conflicts can be found in the history of each right and its development.According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, â€Å"rights structure the form of governments, the content of laws, and the shape of morality as it is currently perceived. † The connection between rights they are fought for and claimed, and the essence of struggles past and ancient are ncoded in the spirit of current concepts of rights and their modern formulation. Filipino Citizen must know the things they could legally do and the limitation on their acts. It is also themselves who will benefit if they would know their own rights and privilages .The importance of the study is to tell the purpose of the article 3 of the Philippine Constitution which is the bill of rights . The study ai ms to give you imformation from the section under bill of rights. The Study focuses on the Freedom and Protection that the government offers to the citizen and the benefits they would get with respect to the bill of rights and its ection. Article Ill. Bill of Rights Section 1 . No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.Section 2. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined personally by the Judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the witnesses he may roduce, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. Section 3. 1) The privacy of communication and corresponden ce shall be inviolable except upon lawful order of the court, or when public safety or order requires otherwise as prescribed by law. (2) Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding section shall be inadmissible for any purpose in any proceeding. Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances. Section 5.No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or political rights. Section 6. The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits prescribed by law shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the court. Neither shall the right to travel be impaired e xcept in the interest of national security, public safety, or ublic health, as may be provided by law.Section 7. The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall official acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as to government research data used as basis for policy development, shall be afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law. Section 8. The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged. Section 9. Private property shall not be taken for public use without Just compensation. Section 10.No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed. Section 1 1 . Free access to the courts and quasi-Judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance shall not be denied to any person by reason of poverty. Section 12. (1) Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right to be informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel preferably of his own choice. If the person cannot afford the services of counsel, he must be provided with one. These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the presence of counsel. ) No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiate the free will shall be used against him. Secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or other similar forms of detention are prohibited. (3) Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be inadmissible in evidence against him. (4) The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions for violations of this section as well as compensation to the rehabilitation of victims of torture or similar practices, and their families.

Caliban’s Feelings Towards Propero Essay

In this essay I will tell you about Caliban’s feelings towards Prospero, how Prospero treats Caliban and a chain of exploitation involving Caliban and Prospero. Caliban is the rightful owner of an island that Prospero, an ex-duke of Milan and a type of sorcerer, and his daughter Miranda, a girl who was only 3 years old when her father was overthrown by his brother Antonio and pities people who are harmed by her father’s magic, took over when they arrived on the island and managed to control Caliban with his magic. Caliban finds more people to work with, when Prospero ship wrecked their boat, called Trinculo and Stephano and plan to kill Prospero. After Prospero took over the island Caliban has tried to reclaim it but is then punished by Prospero’s magic. When Caliban talks to Trinculo and Stephano about trying to reclaim the island from him he tells how he was usurped ‘As I told thee before, I am subject to a tyrant, a sorcerer, that by his cunning hath cheated me of the island’. The words tyrant and sorcerer display Prospero as an evil and cruel master, when Caliban calls him a tyrant means that he thinks Prospero is a person who exercises power in a harsh, cruel manner. In the quote it says he was ‘cheated me of the island’ shows that he was ill-treated by Prospero and suggests that Caliban has been made inferior. In line 106 Caliban asks Stephano if he will destroy Prospero, the use of the word destroy tells the audience that Caliban hates Prospero so much he doesn’t only want to kill him he wants to hurt him so much that the broken beyond repair, and he wants them to ‘batter his skull†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.  Cut his wezand (his windpipe/throat)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦paunch him’, punching is when you cut an animal’s stomach area and all its intestines fall out and you then clean the intestines to get out the good meat. The way Prospero treats Caliban according to Caliban he is ill-treated by Prospero and tells Stephano the ways he is cruel to him, ‘I say by sorcery he got this isle, from me he got it†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..  Revenge on him for I know thou dar’st’, when Caliban tells Stephano that he was usurped by cruel magic he asks ‘how now shall this be compassed? Canst thou bring me to the party’, Stephano is asking Caliban how will he get his revenge and can he come along to help Caliban. Stephano agrees with Caliban that he was ill-treated and happily agrees the help kill Prospero and in return he gets to rule the island and have Caliban and Trinculo as his viceroys. While Caliban is telling Stephano of all the horrid things he wants to do to Prospero he tells him about his daughter Miranda and Caliban says ‘Ay, lord, she will become thy bed, I warrant, and bring thee forth brave brood’ the exploitation is that Caliban is telling Stephano that he can force Miranda to sleep with him and give birth to many children at his pleasure, the irony in this is that Caliban exploiting Miranda, the person who has always been exploited. When Caliban asks Stephano if he will help kill his master he says ‘beat him enough, after a little time I’ll beat him too’ the exploitation in this quote is to Prospero because they are implying that they can easily overpower him and beat him, in line 106 Caliban asks Stephano ‘Wilt thou destroy him then’, the word destroy tells that he does not only think he can overpower him but have enough strength to destroy him, this exploitation is no ironic because Prospero used his strength to exploit Caliban. Whilst Caliban is listing the ways he wants to kill Prospero he tells Stephano and Trinculo ‘First possess his books: for without them he’s but a sot’ He is telling them this because he knows how weak he can be without his magic and his books and how strong he is with them. The fact that Caliban knows his weaknesses tells the audience that he has been planning to get revenge on his master, now he has formed an alliance with Stephano and Trinculo means that he can put his plan into action and finally get revenge on his old cruel master Prospero. He follows on from this and says ‘burn but his books; he has brave utensils- for so he calls them’ Caliban is saying that you can burn anything you want except his books because they hold great power and will be a type of trophy they gain for killing Prospero. In the story of The Tempest I think that Caliban and Prospero’s relationship is bad because at the beginning they argue about whose island it is. Later on in the story Caliban finds Stephano and Trinculo and makes an alliance with them, he then promises to show and tell them the best springs are in return for some wine, he also gets them to help him get his revenge on Prospero. Prospero doesn’t like Caliban because he abuses Miranda and always threatens him and tries not to help them live their lives. Overall I think Prospero and Caliban’s relationship is the worst in the whole story and doesn’t improve and only gets worst.